Water is Life: How to Keep It Safe.
Harmful bacteria can enter household water through various pathways, due to contamination from internal and external sources. Here are some common ways bacteria can find their way into household water:
Contaminated water sources: If the water supply comes from a natural source like a river, lake, or groundwater, it can be susceptible to contamination from various sources such as runoff from agricultural areas, sewage discharge, or animal waste.
Old or damaged plumbing: Old or corroded pipes can allow bacteria to enter the water supply. Leaks or breaks in the pipes can allow bacteria from the surrounding environment to infiltrate the water system.
Cross-connections: Cross-connections between potable (drinking) water and non-potable water sources can lead to contamination. For example, if there's a connection between a sewage line and a drinking water line, bacteria from sewage can enter the drinking water supply.
Water treatment issues: Inadequate or malfunctioning water treatment facilities may not effectively remove bacteria from the water supply, allowing them to remain in the water distributed to households.
Storage tanks and reservoirs: If water storage tanks or reservoirs are not properly maintained, they can become breeding grounds for bacteria. Bacteria can proliferate in stagnant water or water that is not adequately treated.
Backflow: Backflow occurs when the direction of water flow reverses, potentially allowing contaminated water from a household's plumbing system to enter the main water supply.
Build up: Biofilm and bacteria build up in plumbing fixtures can occur, including faucets, showerheads, and aerators
To prevent bacterial contamination of household water, it's essential to maintain proper sanitation practices, regularly inspect and maintain plumbing systems, ensure proper water treatment, and follow guidelines for cross-connection control and backflow prevention.
Health risks of water quality
Waterborne Diseases: Contaminated water can transmit various waterborne diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites.
Gastrointestinal Illness: Consumption of water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites can lead to gastrointestinal illnesses.
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